A Study of Arts: a Dual-fuel Reusable Launch Vehicle with Launch Assist

An independent assessment of the Advanced Reusable Transportation System (ARTS) has been conducted. The ARTS concept is an all-rocket, fully reusable launch vehicle utilizing electromagnetic launch assist. ARTS is fitted with a dual-fuel main propulsion system utilizing flight proven Space Shuttle Main Engines and RD-180s. Nominally, the vehicle is intended to operate without a crew using autonomous guidance and control. Conceptual analysis shows that the vehicle could boost a payload of 48,140 lbs to a 110 nmi circular orbit in its baseline configuration. The DDT&E cost of such a system is estimated to be $8.8B (FY2003) using existing liquid rocket engines, while the total cost to the first vehicle is $11B. An alternative design configuration incorporating an additional SSME in the propulsion system is also explored. With this increased thrust, the payload potential is shown to increase to 60,770 lbs, while the cost to first vehicle rises to $12.1B. A summary of the disciplinary design tools used in this analysis, including mass properties, trajectory simulation, aerodynamics, and non-recurring cost is provided. The implementation of these tools in a collaborative design process is also discussed. NOMENCLATURE CAD Computer Aided Design cd Coefficient of Drag cl Coefficient of Lift CPS Coordinate Pattern Search FY Fiscal Year OMS Orbital Maneuvering System RCS Reaction Control System STS Space Transportation System TPS Thermal Protection System